Sociolinguistics

Language itself content, a referent for royalties and animosities, an indicator of social statues and personal relationships, a marker of situations and topics as well as of the  societal goals and the large-scale value-laden arenas of interaction that typify every speech  community.
            Any speech community of even moderate complexity reveals several varieties of language, all of which are functionally  differentiated from each other. On some occasions,  interlocutors who can speak a particular specialized variety to another nevertheless do no do so, but instead switch to a different variety of language which is either  in wider use or which  is indicative of quite a different  set of interests and relationships than is associated with their specialized variety.
            The varieties of language that exist within a speech community need not all represent occupational or interest specializations. A speech community that has available to it several varieties of language may said to possess a verbal repertoire.
            Sociolinguistics seeks to describe their linguistic and functional characteristics. Sociolinguistics also seeks to do much more. It seeks to determine how much of the entire speech community’s verbal repertoire is available to various smaller interaction networks within that community, since the entire verbal repertoire of a speech community, may be more extensive than verbal repertoire controlled by subgroups within that community.
            Sociolinguistics also seeks to determine the symbolic value of language varieties for their speakers. That language variety come to have symbolic or symptomatic value, in and of them-selves, is inevitable consequences of their functional differentiation. The limitations and the opportunities with which these interests, backgrounds and origins, in turn, are associated.
            Other varieties come to represent educated status or national identification as a result of the attainments associated with their use and their users and as a result of their utilization in situations and relationships that pertain to formal learning or to particular ideologies.

Sociolinguistics is the study of the characteristics of their functions, and the characteristics of their speakers as these three constantly interact, change and change on another within a speech community.  

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